Year 2015 - Volume 41 - Issue 2 (March/April)

Editorial

1 - Relevance of anamnesis and of biomarkers in the assessment of smoking among patients with airway disease

Importância da anamnese e dos biomarcadores na avaliação de tabagismo nas doenças de vias aéreas

Ubiratan de Paula Santos1

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):105-106

2 - Respiratory muscles: myths and secrets

Musculatura respiratória: mitos e segredos

Eloara Vieira Machado Ferreira1

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):107-109

Special Article

3 - Diagnostic methods to assess inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength

Métodos diagnósticos para avaliação da força muscular inspiratória e expiratória

Pedro Caruso, André Luis Pereira de Albuquerque, Pauliane Vieira Santana, Leticia Zumpano Cardenas, Jeferson George Ferreira, Elena Prina, Patrícia Fernandes Trevizan, Mayra Caleffi Pereira, Vinicius Iamonti, Renata Pletsch, Marcelo Ceneviva Macchione, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):110-123

Original Article

4 - Comparison between objective measures of smoking and self-reported smoking status in patients with asthma or COPD: are our patients telling us the truth?

Comparação entre medidas objetivas do tabagismo e tabagismo autodeclarado em pacientes com asma ou DPOC: será que nossos pacientes dizem a verdade?

Rafael Stelmach, Frederico Leon Arrabal Fernandes, Regina Maria Carvalho-Pinto, Rodrigo Abensur Athanazio, Samia Zahi Rached, Gustavo Faibischew Prado, Alberto Cukier

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):124-132

Objective: Smoking prevalence is frequently estimated on the basis of self-reported smoking status. That can lead to an underestimation of smoking rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between self-reported smoking status and that determined through the use of objective measures of smoking at a pulmonary outpatient clinic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 144 individuals: 51 asthma patients, 53 COPD patients, 20 current smokers, and 20 never-smokers. Smoking status was determined on the basis of self-reports obtained in interviews, as well as through tests of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and urinary cotinine. Results: All of the asthma patients and COPD patients declared they were not current smokers. In the COPD and asthma patients, the median urinary cotinine concentration was 167 ng/mL (range, 2-5,348 ng/mL) and 47 ng/mL (range, 5-2,735 ng/mL), respectively (p < 0.0001), whereas the median eCO level was 8 ppm (range, 0-31 ppm) and 5 ppm (range, 2-45 ppm), respectively (p < 0.05). In 40 (38%) of the patients with asthma or COPD (n = 104), there was disagreement between the self-reported smoking status and that determined on the basis of the urinary cotinine concentration, a concentration > 200 ng/mL being considered indicative of current smoking. In 48 (46%) of those 104 patients, the self-reported non-smoking status was refuted by an eCO level > 6 ppm, which is also considered indicative of current smoking. In 30 (29%) of the patients with asthma or COPD, the urinary cotinine concentration and the eCO level both belied the patient claims of not being current smokers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high proportions of smoking pulmonary patients with lung disease falsely declare themselves to be nonsmokers. The accurate classification of smoking status is pivotal to the treatment of lung diseases. Objective measures of smoking could be helpful in improving clinical management and counseling.

Keywords: Asthma; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Cotinine; Carbon monoxide; Smoking.

5 - Assessment of quality of life in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma treated with a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com carcinoma pulmonar de células não pequenas em estágio avançado, tratados com carboplatina associada a paclitaxel

Camila Uanne Resende Avelino, Rafael Marques Cardoso, Suzana Sales de Aguiar, Mário Jorge Sobreira da Silva

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):133-142

6 - Variability of the perception of dyspnea in healthy subjects assessed through inspiratory resistive loading

Variabilidade da percepção da dispneia medida através de um sistema de cargas resistivas inspiratórias em indivíduos saudáveis

Bruna Ziegler, Andréia Kist Fernandes, Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches, Glauco Luís Konzen, Paulo de Tarso Roth Dalcin

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):143-150

7 - Lung-dominant connective tissue disease among patients with inter-stitial lung disease: prevalence, functional stability, and common extrathoracic features

Colagenose pulmão dominante em pacientes com doença pulmonar intersticial: prevalência, estabilidade funcional e manifestações extratorácicas comuns

Daniel Antunes Silva Pereira, Olívia Meira Dias, Guilherme Eler de Almeida, Mariana Sponholz Araujo, Letícia Barbosa Kawano-Dourado, Bruno Guedes Baldi, Ronaldo Adib Kairalla, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):151-160

Objective: To describe the characteristics of a cohort of patients with lung-dominant connective tissue disease (LD-CTD). Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) results (≥ 1/320), with or without specific autoantibodies, and at least one clinical feature suggestive of connective tissue disease (CTD). Results: Of the 1,998 patients screened, 52 initially met the criteria for a diagnosis of LD-CTD: 37% were male; the mean age at diagnosis was 56 years; and the median follow-up period was 48 months. During follow-up, 8 patients met the criteria for a definitive diagnosis of a CTD. The remaining 44 patients comprised the LD-CTD group, in which the most prevalent extrathoracic features were arthralgia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Raynaud's phenomenon. The most prevalent autoantibodies in this group were ANA (89%) and anti-SSA (anti-Ro, 27%). The mean baseline and final FVC was 69.5% and 74.0% of the predicted values, respectively (p > 0.05). Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia patterns were found in 45% and 9% of HRCT scans, respectively; 36% of the scans were unclassifiable. A similar prevalence was noted in histological samples. Diffuse esophageal dilatation was identified in 52% of HRCT scans. Nailfold capillaroscopy was performed in 22 patients; 17 showed a scleroderma pattern. Conclusions: In our LD-CTD group, there was predominance of females and the patients showed mild spirometric abnormalities at diagnosis, with differing underlying ILD patterns that were mostly unclassifiable on HRCT and by histology. We found functional stability on follow-up. Esophageal dilatation on HRCT and scleroderma pattern on nailfold capillaroscopy were frequent findings and might come to serve as diagnostic criteria.

Keywords: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; Autoantibodies; Connective tissue diseases; Autoimmunity.

8 - Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis: analysis of 20 consecutive patients

Bronquiolite aspirativa difusa: análise de 20 pacientes consecutivos

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):161-166

9 - Uncoupling protein-2 mRNA expression in mice subjected to intermittent hypoxia

Expressão do mRNA da uncoupling protein-2 em camundongos submetidos à hipóxia intermitente

Luciana Rodrigues Vieira, Denis Martinez, Luiz Felipe Forgiarini, Darlan Pase da Rosa, Gustavo Alfredo Ochs de Muñoz, Micheli Fagundes, Emerson Ferreira Martins, Carolina Caruccio Montanari, Cintia Zappe Fiori

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):167-174

10 - Preventing smoking during pregnancy: the importance of maternal knowledge of the health ha-zards and of the treatment options available

Prevenção do tabagismo na gravidez: importância do conhecimento materno sobre os malefícios para a saúde e opções de tratamento disponíveis

André Luís Bertani, Thais Garcia, Suzana Erico Tanni, Irma Godoy

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):175-181

Objective: To examine the pattern of tobacco use and knowledge about tobacco-related diseases, as well as to identify popular types of electronic media, in pregnant women, in order to improve strategies for the prevention or cessation of smoking among such women. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 61 pregnant women, seen at primary care clinics and at a university hospital, in the city of Botucatu, Brazil. For all subjects, we applied the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. For subjects with a history of smoking, we also applied the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and we evaluated the level of motivation to quit smoking among the current smokers. Results: Of the 61 pregnant women evaluated, 25 (40.9%) were smokers (mean age, 26.4  7.4 years), 24 (39.3%) were former smokers (26.4  8.3 years), and 12 (19.8%) were never-smokers (25.1  7.2 years). Thirty-nine women (63.9%) reported exposure to passive smoking. Of the 49 smokers/former smokers, 13 (26.5%) were aware of the pulmonary consequences of smoking; only 2 (4.1%) were aware of the cardiovascular risks; 23 (46.9%) believed that smoking does not harm the fetus or newborn infant; 21 (42.9%) drank alcohol during pregnancy; 18 (36.7%) reported increased cigarette consumption when drinking; 25 (51.0%) had smoked flavored cigarettes; and 12 (24.5%) had smoked a narghile. Among the 61 pregnant women evaluated, television was the most widely available and favorite form of electronic media (in 85.2%), as well as being the form most preferred (by 49.2%). Conclusions: Among pregnant women, active smoking, passive smoking, and alternative forms of tobacco consumption appear to be highly prevalent, and such women seem to possess little knowledge about the consequences of tobacco use. Educational programs that include information about the consequences of all forms of tobacco use, employing new and effective formats tailored to this particular population, should be developed, in order to promote smoking prevention and cessation among pregnant women. Further samples to explore regional and cultural adaptations should be evaluated.

Keywords: Pregnancy; Health knowledge, attitudes, practice; Smoking; Mass media; Smoking cessation; Primary prevention.

Review Article

11 - Cognitive impairment in COPD: a systematic review

Comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com DPOC: uma revisão sistemática

Irene Torres-Sánchez, Elisabeth Rodríguez-Alzueta, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Isabel López-Torres, Maria Paz Moreno-Ramírez, Marie Carmen Valenza

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):182-190

Case Report

12 - Lymphadenopathy and fever in a chef during a stay in Europe

Linfadenomegalia e febre em chefe de cozinha durante viagem à Europa

Letícia Kawano-Dourado, Daniel Antunes Silva Peirera, Alexandre de Melo Kawassaki, Marisa Dolhnikoff, Marcos Vinicius da Silva, Ronaldo Adib Kairalla

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):191-195

Letters to the Editor

13 - Congenital thoracic malformations in pediatric patients: two decades of experience

Malformações torácicas congênitas na infância: experiência de duas décadas

Tatiane da Anunciação Ferreira1, Isabella Santana Santos Chagas2, Regina Terse Trindade Ramos3, Edna Lúcia Souza4

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):196-199

14 - Cutaneous tuberculosis as metastatic tuberculous abscess

Tuberculose cutânea como abscesso tuberculoso metastático

Cecília Pacheco1, Eloísa Silva2, José Miranda3, Raquel Duarte4

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):200-202

15 - Tracheobronchomalacia in a patient on invasive mechanical ventilation: the role of electrical impedance tomography in its detection and positive end-expiratory pressure titration

Traqueobroncomalácia em paciente sob ventilação mecânica invasiva: o papel da tomografia de impedância elétrica na sua detecção e na titulação da pressão expiratória final positiva

Olívia Meira Dias1, Eduardo Leite Vieira Costa2, Daniel Antunes Silva Pereira3, Caroline Nappi Chaves3, Samia Zahi Rached3, Carmen Silvia Valente Barbas2

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):203-205

16 - Cutaneous focal mucinosis of the scalp and adenocarcinoma of the lung: association or coincidence?

Mucinose cutânea focal do couro cabeludo e adenocarcinoma do pulmão: associação ou coincidência?

Tiago Mestre1, Fernando Assis-Pacheco2, Jorge Cardoso3

J Bras Pneumol.2015;41(2):206-208

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