Original Article

usceptibility to respiratory tract isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: 1997 and 1998 Brazilian data of the SENTRY surveillance program of resistance to antimicrobial agents

Sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas do trato respiratório de pacientes com infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade: resultados brasileiros do Programa SENTRY de Vigilância de Resistência a Antimicrobianos dos anos de 1997 e 1

Hélio S. Sader, Ana C. Gales, Adriana O. Reis, Cassia Zoccoli, Jorge Sampaio, Ronald N. Jones

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):25-34

Background: Antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) is usually empiric and antibiotics are chosen on the basis of surveillance studies. The SENTRY Program was designed to monitor antimicrobial resistance via a worldwide surveillance network of sentinel laboratories. Three sites in Brazil participated in the 1997 and 1998 SENTRY Program. Methods: A total of 344 bacterial isolates, collected from patients with CARTI in 1997 and 1998, were tested against more than 20 antimicrobial agents by the broth microdilution method. Results: Among S. pneumoniae (176 isolates), 71.6% were susceptible to penicillin. High level resistance to penicillin and resistance to cefotaxime was found in 2.3 and 4.0%, respectively. The newer quinolones, levofloxacin, (MIC90 of 2 mg/mL) and gatifloxacin (MIC90 of 0.5 mg/mL) were active against 100% of the isolates tested. Among the other non-b-lactam drugs tested, the rank order of pneumococci activity was (% susceptible): chloramphenicol (97.5%) > clindamycin (94.0%) > azithromycin (90.3%) > clarithromycin (89.4%) > tetracycline (76.4%) > trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.2%). The percentage of Haemophilus influenzae (101 isolates) susceptible to amoxicillin was 90.1%, whereas among Moraxella catarrhalis (67 isolates) only 9.0% were susceptible. Clavulanic acid restored the activity of amoxicillin against both H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. However, H. influenzae showed increased levels of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole (55.1% susceptibility), clarithromycin (80.4% susceptibility), and cefaclor (88.2%) susceptibility). All H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin (MIC90, < 0.5 mg/mL for both) and gatifloxacin (MIC90, < 0.06 mg/mL for both) with very low MICs. Conclusion: Results indicate that the rate of S. pneumoniae showing high-level penicillin resistance is still low in Brazil. However, intermediate resistance to penicillin associated with resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents was relatively high. On the other hand, the new quinolones were highly active against 100% of the respiratory pathogens tested.

Keywords: Respiratory tract infections. Bacterial pneumonia. Microbial drug resistance. Program evaluation. Microbial sensibility tests.

Asthma and atopy prevalence in a group of students from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

Variação na prevalência de asma e atopia em um grupo de escolares de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

Renata Wagner Fiore, Adriana Barbieri Comparsi, Cláudia Loss Reck, Jéferson Krawcyk de Oliveira, Karina Brasco Pampanelli, Carlos Cezar Fritscher

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(5):237-242

Continuing Education : Scientific Methodology

What is a manual of procedures and why do we need one?

Juan C Calderon1,2,3 , Juliana C Ferreira1,4 , Cecilia M Patino1,5

J Bras Pneumol.2024;50(2):e20240137

Understanding diagnostic tests. Part 1.

Entendendo os testes diagnósticos. Parte 1.

Juliana Carvalho Ferreira1,2, Cecilia Maria Patino1,3

J Bras Pneumol.2017;43(5):330

Review Article

Dysfunctional breathing: what do we know?

Disfunção respiratória: o que sabemos?

Laís Silva Vidotto1,a, Celso Ricardo Fernandes de Carvalho2,b, Alex Harvey1,c, Mandy Jones1,d

J Bras Pneumol.2019;45(1):e20170347

Original Article

Prospective evaluation of EBUS-TBNA specimens for programmed death-ligand 1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study

Avaliação prospectiva de espécimes obtidos por meio de EBUS-TBNA quanto à expressão de programmed death-ligand 1 em pacientes com câncer pulmonar de células não pequenas: um estudo piloto

Juliana Guarize1, Elena Guerini Rocco2, Filippo de Marinis3, Giulia Sedda4, Luca Bertolaccini4, Stefano Maria Donghi1, Monica Casiraghi4, Clementina Di Tonno2, Massimo Barberis2, Lorenzo Spaggiari4,5

J Bras Pneumol.2021;47(4):e20200584

Hospital admissions caused by respiratory diseases in a tertiary internal medicine service in Northeastern Rio Grande do Sul State

Doenças respiratórias como causa de internações hospitalares de pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde num serviço terciário de clínica médica na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Dagoberto Vanoni de Godoy, Crischiman Dal Zotto, Jamila Bellicanta, Rui Fernando Weschenfelder, Samira Barrentin Nacif

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(4):193-198

Update Course - Mycoses

Chapter 1 - Laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary mycoses

Capítulo 1 - Diagnóstico laboratorial das micoses pulmonares

Melissa Orzechowski Xavier, Flávio de Mattos Oliveira, Luiz Carlos Severo

J Bras Pneumol.2009;35(9):907-919

Erratum

Erratum - Understanding diagnostic tests. Part 1.

Errata - Entendendo os testes diagnósticos. Parte 1.

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

J Bras Pneumol.2022;48(4):20170331

Original Article

Silica-exposed patients with silicosis show shorter telomeres than do unexposed individuals: a pilot study in a population in southeastern Brazil

Marcos César Santos de Castro1,2, Lucas de Carvalho Costa1, Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum1, Hermano Albuquerque de Castro4, Patrícia Canto Ribeiro4, Walter Costa3, Angela Santos Ferreira Nani2, Fabiana Barzotto Kohlrausch5

J Bras Pneumol.2024;50(6):e20240318

Editorial

Smoking in adolescence: Why do youths still smoke?

Tabagismo na adolescência: Por que os jovens ainda fumam?

Alberto José de Araújo

J Bras Pneumol.2010;36(6):671-673

Index of Issues

Índice remissivo de assuntos do volume 44 (1-6) 2018

J Bras Pneumol.2018;44(6):533-534

Index of Authors

Índice remissivo de autores do volume 44 (1-6) 2018

J Bras Pneumol.2018;44(6):535-538

List of reviewers

Relação de revisores do volume 44 (1-6) 2018

J Bras Pneumol.2018;44(6):539-542

Continuing Education : Scientific Methodology

Critical appraisal of the literature. Why do we care?

Avaliação crítica da literatura. Por que nos importamos?

Juliana Carvalho Ferreira1,2,a, Cecilia Maria Patino1,3,b

J Bras Pneumol.2018;44(6):448

Editorial

Anti-alarmin asthma therapies: where do we go from here?

Terapias antialarminas para a asma: para onde vamos a partir daqui?

Ibrahim Sulaiman1, Gail M Gauvreau2

J Bras Pneumol.2023;49(3):e20230220

Letters to the Editor

Pharmacological approach to iatrogenic bleeding during bronchoscopy: what do we know so far and where do we go from here?

Abordagem farmacológica do sangramento iatrogênico durante a broncoscopia: o que sabemos até agora e para onde vamos a partir daqui?

Ana Alfaiate1, Vera Clérigo2, David Noivo1, Lígia Fernandes2, Paula Duarte1

J Bras Pneumol.2023;49(2):e20220195

Original Article

Pneumonia por "Pneumocystis carinii" em pacientes com e sem SIDA: reavaliação

"Pneumocystis carinii" pneumonia in patients with and without AIDS: a reappraisal

Carloss Viegas, Ronald FCCP, Collman G

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(2):79-82

Repeated treatment of tuberculosis in the city of Recife, 1997: an epidemiological approach

O retratamento da tuberculose no município do Recife, 1997: uma abordagem epidemiológica

Hermira Maria Amorim Campos, Maria de Fátima Militão de Albuquerque, Antônio Roberto Leite Campelo, Wayner Souza, Ana M. Brito

J Bras Pneumol.2000;26(5):235-240

Prevalence of and factors related to tuberculosis in seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patients at a reference center for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Prevalência e fatores associados à tuberculose em pacientes soropositivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana em centro de referência para tratamento da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Jussara Maria Silveira, Raúl Andrés Mendoza Sassi, Isabel Cristina de Oliveira Netto, Jorge Lima Hetzel

J Bras Pneumol.2006;32(1):48-55

Objective: In view of the relevance of co-infection with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus, this study was designed to determine tuberculosis prevalence and identify factors related to tuberculosis in patients residing in a region in which both infections are highly prevalent. Methods: All patients treated during 1999 at the HIV/AIDS Clinic of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (Rio Grande Federal University) University Hospital were evaluated retrospectively, from the time of human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis, in terms of the incidence of tuberculosis and its relationship to sociodemographic, behavioral and immunological factors. Results: The sample included 204 patients, and tuberculosis prevalence was found to be 27%. The multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between the development of tuberculosis and being of African descent (odds ratio: 4.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.93-11.72) and an inverse correlation between the development of tuberculosis and the TCD4+ lymphocyte count at the time of human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis (odds ratio: 0.995; 95% confidence interval: 0.993-0.997). When analyzed separately, other variables were found to be potential risk factors: being of the male gender (odds ratio: 2.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-5.39); and using illicit drugs (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-4.31). Conclusion: The factors responsible for the development of tuberculosis among patients who are human immunodeficiency virus seropositive include immunological, socioeconomic and demographic factors. The high rate of tuberculosis prevalence among the seropositive patients underscores the urgent need to implement strategies that combine rapid identification and prompt treatment of individuals with active or latent infection, as well as of those with whom they have been in contact.

Keywords: HIV Infections/complications; AIDS-related opportunistic infections/complications; Tuberculosis/etiology; Tuberculosis/epidemiology

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