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Analysis of dry pleural biopsy in 107 patients

Análise da biópsia pleural em 107 pacientes sem líquido pleural

Marcelo Chalhoub, Sérgio Arruda, Ronald Fidélis, Ana Paula Barreto, Manoel Barral Netto

ABSTRACT

The clinical-radiographic presentation and tuberculosis prediction in patients that have undergone dry pleural biopsy, as well as its usefulness and complications, have been evaluated in this retrospective study, conducted in the Octávio Mangabeira Hospital (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil), where 107 patients consecutively submitted to this exam have been analyzed. Altogether 108 biopsies have been performed using Cope's needle (biopsies of both hemithoraxes were performed in one patient). The following diagnoses were obtained: a) tuberculosis (n = 66); b) probable tuberculosis (n = 4); c) neoplasm (n = 2); d) parapneumonic (n = 3), and e) not determined (32). Sixty-seven (62.6%) of the patients were male, and mean age was 34.5 ± 15.4 years. Analyses carried out compare patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (whether confirmed or probable) to those with different diagnoses (miscellaneous). Tuberculosis patients were younger (p < 0.01), expectoration was less frequent (p < 0.01), previous tuberculosis was less often reported (p = 0.04) and PPD reactivity was more frequent (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups as to the extent of pleural commitment and its variation in the period observed. Presence of acinar infiltrations in the upper lobes was correlated with tuberculosis diagnosis in the 13 patients in which this feature was observed. Pleural fragments were present in 100 out of 108 cases (92.6%) and the diagnosis was made in the first biopsy in 64 out of 108 cases (59.3%). Ten minor complications have occurred (9.3%) in the 108 biopsies: 6 bloody sputums, 3 small pneumothoraxes, and one moderate subcutaneous emphysema. The authors conclude that for the various predictive indicators of tuberculosis analyzed, except for the presence of acinar infiltrations in the upper lobes, there is broad overlap between the two groups compared, meaning that a safe clinical diagnosis cannot be provided and thus reinforcing the need of performing biopsies. Dry pleural biopsy offers a satisfactory diagnostic yield in areas with high prevalence of tuberculosis and proved safe, when performed by experienced personnel.

Keywords: Pleural tuberculosis. Pleural thickening. Pleural biopsy. Diagnosis.

RESUMO

Com o objetivo de avaliar a apresentação clínico-radiográfica, variáveis preditoras de tuberculose nos pacientes submetidos a biópsia pleural a seco (BPS), bem como avaliar sua utilidade e complicações, foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo no Hospital Octávio Mangabeira, em que foram analisados 107 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a esse exame. Um total de 108 biópsias (um paciente teve ambos os hemitórax biopsiados) foi realizado com agulha de Cope. Os 107 pacientes obtiveram os seguintes diagnósticos: a) tuberculose (n = 66); b) provável tuberculose (n = 4); c) neoplasia (n = 2); d) parapneumônico (n = 3); e e) indeterminado (n = 32). Apresentavam média de idade de 34,5 ± 15,4 anos, sendo 67 (62,6%) do sexo masculino. Para fins de análise, os pacientes com diagnóstico de tuberculose (certeza + probabilidade) foram comparados com os de outros diagnósticos (miscelânea). O primeiro grupo teve idade menor (p < 0,01), presença de expectoração menos freqüente (p < 0,01), referia menos tuberculose no passado (p = 0,04) e foi mais reativo ao PPD (p < 0,01). Não houve diferença entre os grupos quando analisada a extensão do comprometimento pleural e sua variação no período observado. A presença de infiltrações acinares em lobos superiores correlacionou-se com o diagnóstico de tuberculose nos 13 pacientes em que esteve presente. Fragmentos pleurais estavam presentes em 92,6% dos casos (100/108) e o diagnóstico foi obtido na primeira biópsia em 59,3% (64/108). Ocorreram dez complicações de pequena gravidade (9,3%) nas 108 biópsias: seis escarros sanguíneos, três pneumotórax pequenos e um enfisema subcutâneo moderado. Os autores concluem que, à exceção das infiltrações acinares em lobos superiores, ocorreu ampla superposição entre os grupos quanto aos diversos indicadores preditivos de tuberculose, não permitindo diagnóstico clínico seguro, reforçando a necessidade da biópsia. A BPS oferece rendimento diagnóstico satisfatório em áreas com alta prevalência de tuberculose e é relativamente segura se realizada por profissional experiente.

Palavras-chave: Tuberculose pleural. Espessamento pleural. Biópsia pleural. Diagnóstico.


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