Year 1997 - Volume 23 - Issue 5 (September/October)

Editorial

1 - Distúrbios do sono: o que os pneumologistas têm a ver com isto?

Luiz Eduardo Nery

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):223-224

Original Article

2 - Pulmonary function in hepatic cirrhosis

Função pulmonar na cirrose hepática

Eduardo Garcia, Américo de Oliveira Silvério, Ajácio Bandeira de Melo Brandão, José Silva Moreira

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):225-230

Presence of arterial hypoxemia in hepatic cirrhosis is a well-documented fact. Physiopathogenic mechanisms have been widely studied. It is assumed that there are alterations in pulmonary vessels which determine small and numerous arteriovenous shunts. Presence of anatomic intrapulmonary shunts, although well-documented, is small and could hardly explain such low levels of arterial oxigenation in cirrhotic patients. It is a premise that alterations occur in the pulmonary dynamics and that the diffusion of gases may be altered. Purpose: To evaluate the pulmonary function and arterial oxygenation levels in 55 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, with no other pulmonary, cardiac or hematologic diseases. They were submitted to evaluation of the pulmonary function through measurement of the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and residual volume as well as diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. Finally, arterial oxygenation was evaluated through arterial gasometry during air breathing and with 100% oxygen. Analysis of results allowed the authors to observe the presence of normal pulmonary flows and volumes (average of: FVC = 104.6%; FEV1 = 102.4%; residual volume = 117.4%); and diffusion capacity was diminished (average = 70.8%) in relation to predicted values. Arterial blood gases showed a mean PaO2 of 81.20 mmHg during air breathing and 515.4 mmHg when 100% oxygen was breathed. No correlations among PaO2 (with air breathing and with oxygen) and diffusion capacity were observed. In this study, flows and pulmonary volumes were normal in relation to the predicted values; however, diffusion of carbon monoxide was diminished. This diminished diffusion corroborates the existing idea of the so-called diffusion-perfusion imbalance as one of the mechanisms involved in the physiopathology of the hepatic pulmonary syndrome, even with no evidence of intrapulmonary morphological arteriovenous shunt.

Keywords: Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Pulmonary function. Hepatic cirrhosis.

3 - Prevalence of major depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Prevalência de depressão maior em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Marlise Heckler, Roger Weingartner, José da Silva Moreira, Sérgio Prezzi, Nélio Tombini

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):231-236

4 - Multiresistant tuberculosis (MRTB): clinical, laboratorial, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects

Tuberculose multirresistente (TBMR): aspectos clínico-laboratoriais, epidemiológicos e terapêuticos

Márcia Seiscento, Fernando Augusto Fiuza de Melo, Jorge Ide Neto, Ana Maria Lobo Noronha, Jorge Barros Afiune, Tomiko Inomata, Maria Luiza Cruz

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):237-244

Objectives: To evaluate clinical, laboratorial, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of patients presenting with multiresistant tuberculosis (MRTB). Patients and methods: From January 1993 to December 1994, a prospective, non-randomized study of patients presenting MRTB, characterized by failures under treatment schemes E-1 and E-3 according to the classification of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin was carried out. Clinical and laboratorial aspects were considered: age, gender, ethnical group, duration of condition, cavity occurrences in conventional X-rays, resistance to drugs by the indirect method according to Canetti's et al. proportional criteria; epidemiological aspects such as risk predictor factors for multiresistance and treatment results. This study consisted in two alternative chemotherapy courses combining an aminoglycoside, amikacin (Group A), or S, if sensitive (Group B), ofloxacin, clofazimine, in addition to other drugs, such as thiacetazone, ethambutol, or pyrazinamide, according to the sensitivity or to the prior limited use for a minimum of twelve months. Patients with unilateral radiologic lesions, functional possibilities, and who have accepted the indication were submitted to surgery (Group C). Treatment was at the outpatient clinic, self-administered, or under indirect supervision, with hospital admission allowed for clinical reasons, for a limited time, or when surgery was indicated. Patients with prior alternative treatment, those infected with HIV, pregnant patients, and those with renal failure were excluded from the study. Evaluation extended to twelve months after completion of treatment. Results: 70 patients with mean age of 37 years, 42 male, 44 caucasian, and 26 non-caucasian (two orientals), average duration of the condition of four years, and bilateral cavitary lesions in 55 (78.6%). Resistance to two drugs in 28.6%, 51.4% to three drugs, and 20% to four drugs. The most frequent risk predictor factor for MRTB was abandonment (54.3%) followed by recurrence after cure with treatment scheme E1 and failure at retreatment (14.3%), intolerance to drugs (11.4%), contact with MRTB (8.6%). The risk predictor factor could not be determined in 11%, acquired multiresistance being considered in 80%, and primary multiresistance in only 8.6% of the patients. Cure was observed in 25 patients of Group A (n = 39), 11 patients of Group B (n = 24), and 3 of Group C (n = 7). Only two discontinued treatment (A) and only two died during treatment (C). In the control period, three patients had recurrences (1 in A, and 2 in B), and 7 died (3 in A, 2 in B, and 2 in C). The effectiveness of Group A was 67.6% (25/37) at completion of treatment, and 64.9% during the post-treatment control. The effectiveness of Group B was 45.8% (11/24) at completion of treatment, and 37.5% during the post-treatment control. The effectiveness of Group C was 42.8% (3/7) at completion of treatment and during the post-treatment control. After twelve months, effectiveness at treatment completion in Group A fell from 64.1% to 61.5%, in Group B, it fell from 45.8% to 37.5%, and it remained unchanged in 42.8% in Group C, where the four cases of failure died. Drug discontinuation due to adverse effects occurred late in two cases, and other adverse effects were noted, but did not foster discontinuation of treatment.

5 - Morphological lesions induced by oleic acid in lungs of rats

Alterações morfológicas induzidas pelo ácido oléico em pulmões de ratos

Thais Helena A.T. Queluz, Júlio Defaveri, Silene El-Fakhouri

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):245-251

Review Article

6 - Lung reduction surgery

Cirurgia redutora de enfisema

Marco Aurélio Scarpinella-Bueno, Hélio Romaldini

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):252-260

Case Report

7 - Pulmonary polycystic hydatid disease mimicking metastatic lesions: report of a case

Hidatidose pulmonar policística mimetizando lesões metastáticas: relato de caso

Séfora Cristiane X. Almeida, Ricardo Luiz M. Martins, Mário A.P. Moraes, Carlos Alberto Viegas, Marcellus Grilo

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):261-263

8 - A case of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome simulating narcolepsy

Sobre um caso de síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva de sono simulando narcolepsia

R. Nonato D. Rodrigues, M. Guiot, P. Tavares

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):264-266

9 - Panhypopituitarism caused by hypothalamic-pituitary metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Pan-hipopituitarismo por metástases hipotálamo-hipofisárias de carcinoma escamoso de pulmão

Fernando Azevedo Pacheco, Luiz Claudio Lazzarini de Oliveira, Carlos Alberto de Barros Franco, Mário Vaisman

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):267-270

10 - Doença alveolar infreqüente em mulher de 55 anos

Maria Conceição C.A.M. Queiroz, Maria Auxiliadora Carmo Moreira, Maurício Sérgio Brasil Leite, Karla C.M.A. Curado, Fernanda Miranda de Oliveira

J Bras Pneumol.1997;23(5):271-274

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