Year 2001 - Volume 27 - Issue 1 (January/February)

Editorial

1 - Jornal de Pneumologia: agora também on-line

Thais Helena A. Thomaz Queluz

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):5-7

Original Article

2 - Localized and multisegmental bronchiectasis: clinical-epidemiological profile and surgical treatment results in 67 cases

Bronquiectasia localizada e multissegmentar: perfil clínico-epidemiológico e resultado do tratamento cirúrgico em 67 casos

Antero Gomes Neto, Marcos Lima de Medeiros, José Mauro Mendes Gifoni

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):1-6

3 - Metered-dose inhaler technique learning after explanation given by pulmonologist

Aprendizado do uso do inalador dosimetrado após explicação por pneumologista

Alessandra Sandrini, Andréia Jacomossi, Sonia Maria Farensin, Ana Luisa Godoy Fernandes, José Roberto Jardim

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):7-10

Introduction: The use of inhaled drugs through metered-dose inhaler has been advocated for years. Nonetheless, a small number of patients are routinely treated by this technique. Prescriptions of inhaled drugs by healthcare providers are not frequent, usually because they anticipate patients will not be able to perform the technique correctly. In addition, healthcare providers do not usually take their time to appropriately teach patients how to use metered-dose inhalers correctly. Objective: To evaluate the percentage of uninstructed patients that learn how to use a metered-dose inhaler correctly after being taught by a pneumologist. Patients and methods: One hundred and nineteen patients from a private clinic were prospectively studied in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Patients were exhaustively taught how to use the metered-dose inhaler at the first consultation and were told to return after 10 days, when they were asked to perform the technique exactly the way they were doing it at home. Their performance was classified as correct, slightly incorrect, intermediately incorrect, and totally incorrect. Results: Twenty-six patients were excluded for not coming to the second appointment. The final sample comprised 93 patients. Age ranged from 9 to 81 years (mean age 42.6 ± 21); 59.2% of the patients were male and 40.8% female. Considering all patients, only 16.25 of them used the metered-dose inhaler totally incorrectly and 19.3% performed the technique intermediately incorrectly. The most frequent mistakes were: metered-dose inhaler device was placed inside the mouth; inspiration before jet was activated; fast aspiration; inspiration through the nose. Thirty-three percent of patients who were under 15 and over 75 years performed the technique correctly. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the majority of the patients learned how to use the metered-dose inhaler correctly after being properly and extensively taught.

Keywords: Nebulizers and vaporizers. Inhalation administration. Learning.

4 - Clinical presentation of cow milk allergy symptoms

Apresentação clínica da alergia ao leite de vaca com sintomatologia respiratória

Fábio Ferreira de Carvalho Junior

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):17-24

5 - usceptibility to respiratory tract isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: 1997 and 1998 Brazilian data of the SENTRY surveillance program of resistance to antimicrobial agents

Sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas do trato respiratório de pacientes com infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade: resultados brasileiros do Programa SENTRY de Vigilância de Resistência a Antimicrobianos dos anos de 1997 e 1

Hélio S. Sader, Ana C. Gales, Adriana O. Reis, Cassia Zoccoli, Jorge Sampaio, Ronald N. Jones

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):25-34

Background: Antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) is usually empiric and antibiotics are chosen on the basis of surveillance studies. The SENTRY Program was designed to monitor antimicrobial resistance via a worldwide surveillance network of sentinel laboratories. Three sites in Brazil participated in the 1997 and 1998 SENTRY Program. Methods: A total of 344 bacterial isolates, collected from patients with CARTI in 1997 and 1998, were tested against more than 20 antimicrobial agents by the broth microdilution method. Results: Among S. pneumoniae (176 isolates), 71.6% were susceptible to penicillin. High level resistance to penicillin and resistance to cefotaxime was found in 2.3 and 4.0%, respectively. The newer quinolones, levofloxacin, (MIC90 of 2 mg/mL) and gatifloxacin (MIC90 of 0.5 mg/mL) were active against 100% of the isolates tested. Among the other non-b-lactam drugs tested, the rank order of pneumococci activity was (% susceptible): chloramphenicol (97.5%) > clindamycin (94.0%) > azithromycin (90.3%) > clarithromycin (89.4%) > tetracycline (76.4%) > trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.2%). The percentage of Haemophilus influenzae (101 isolates) susceptible to amoxicillin was 90.1%, whereas among Moraxella catarrhalis (67 isolates) only 9.0% were susceptible. Clavulanic acid restored the activity of amoxicillin against both H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. However, H. influenzae showed increased levels of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfametoxazole (55.1% susceptibility), clarithromycin (80.4% susceptibility), and cefaclor (88.2%) susceptibility). All H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin (MIC90, < 0.5 mg/mL for both) and gatifloxacin (MIC90, < 0.06 mg/mL for both) with very low MICs. Conclusion: Results indicate that the rate of S. pneumoniae showing high-level penicillin resistance is still low in Brazil. However, intermediate resistance to penicillin associated with resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents was relatively high. On the other hand, the new quinolones were highly active against 100% of the respiratory pathogens tested.

Keywords: Respiratory tract infections. Bacterial pneumonia. Microbial drug resistance. Program evaluation. Microbial sensibility tests.

6 - Spirometric response to bronchodilators: which parameters and values are clinically relevant in obstructive diseases?

Resposta a broncodilatador na espirometria: que parâmetros e valores são clinicamente relevantes em doenças obstrutivas?

Roberto Rodrigues Jr., Carlos Alberto de Castro Pereira

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):35-47

In lung function laboratories, statistical responses after bronchodilators (Bd) administration are widely used in patients with airflow limitation. However, their clinical relevance is debatable. Objective: To determine which spirometric parameters best reflect improvement in both exercise tolerance and exertional dyspnea in response to bronchodilators in obstructive lung diseases. Methods: Fifty patients with persistent asthma and/or COPD (FEV1/FVC = 41 ± 11%) were submitted to slow and forced vital capacity testing, MVV and a six-minute walking test (6 MW) following practice, before and after a 400 mg dose of salbutamol was given by MDI. Responses to Bd were expressed in absolute values and considered as increments to the initial values and predicted values. Responses to Bd were considered clinically significant if distance was longer than 30 m in the 6 MW test and/or if there was a 2-point decrease in the Borg scale in the walking distance. Results: 32 patients were responsive (R) to Bd and 18 were non-responsive (NR). As DMW correlated with age, (rs = -0.38 - p < 0.01) an analysis on spirometric data, including age as covariant, was performed and expressed as x ± SE. No difference in FEV1 was observed between the groups (R = 255 ± 57 ml; NR = 256 ± 43 ml). The same occurred regarding MVV (R = 11± 2 L/min; NR = 10 ± 2 L/min.). The best separation (p < 0.01) was given by changes in inspiration capacity (IC) followed by changes in slow vital capacity (SVC): IC% of initial R = 23 ± 3% and NR = 3 ± 4%; absolute IC = 411 ± 58 ml and NR = 163 ± 77 ml; predicted IC%: R = 19 ± 3% and NR = 3 ± 4%. For SVC, the values were: % initial - R = 18 ± 2% and NR = 9 ± 3%; absolute changes - R = 448 ± 52 ml and NR = 256 ± 70 ml. Increases in IC > 15% of the initial values and 0.3 L and increases in SVS > 15% of the initial values and 0.4 L determined responsive patients with positive predicted values as approximately 90%. Conclusion: Variations in FEV1, FVC and MVV do not predict improvement in exercise capacity after Bd. This is best reflected by 15% of increases in IC and/or in the SVC initial values.

Keywords: Obstructive lung diseases. Spirometry. Predictive value of tests. Bronchodilator agents. Exercise tolerance. Dyspnea.

Case Report

7 - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis to tobacco

Pneumonite de hipersensibilidade ao tabaco

Sílvia E.C. Macedo, Elicarlos Zago, Vítor F. Torres, Fabiano Bergamaschi

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):48-51

8 - Hepatopulmonary syndrome in a patient with AIDS and virus C cirrhosis (viral cirrhosis type C)

Síndrome hepatopulmonar em paciente com cirrose por vírus C e SIDA

Maria Angélica Pires Ferreira, Marcelo Basso Gazzana, Sérgio Saldanha Menna Barreto, Marli Maria Knorst

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):52-55

Letters to the Editor

9 - Manoel de Abreu

Rubens Bedrikow

J Bras Pneumol.2001;27(1):56-58

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