Summary: b-agonists are considered the agents of first choice for the treatment of asthmatic symptoms and are usually available for aerosol administration. Its propellants damage the ozone layer and are often not used properly by the patients. Turbuhaler seems a better alternative since it does not present these inconveniences. In Brazil, it has been recently introduced. Purpose: Compare salbutamol aerosol (SA) to terbutaline turbuhaler (TT) in relation to technical use, bronchodilation and adverse effects in outpatients with mild-obstruction asthma (PFR ³ 60 and < 80% predicted). Material and methods: Open, parallel randomized study performed in each arm of 20 patients (SA: 200 mg and TT: 500 mg). After 30 minutes, a second dose was given if PFR was not 15% or 30 L/min greater than the initial one; a second dose was also delivered if PFR was not greater than 80%. All patients were instructed on how to use both devices. Results: Clinical improvement and increase in PFR were similar in both groups (SA 69.5 vs. TT 58.1 L/min, p > 0.05). A second dose was given to 13 patients (SA 6 and TT 7) with similar results. Errors in the usage were observed in all 20 patients of group SA vs. 11 patients in group TT (p < 0.05). Adverse effects were more frequent with TT - 9 patients - due to its unpleasant taste. Fifteen patients of group TT and with previous experience with SA considered turbuhaler easier. Conclusions: 1) administration by the patient is easier with turbuhaler than with SA; 2) bronchodilation is not different with SA 200 mg and TT 500 mg; 3) unpleasant taste was noted only in group TT (50% of the patients).

Keywords: Asthma. Salbutamol aerosol. Terbutaline Turbuhaler.

Objective: To analyze the role that low income plays in the development of asthma in children and adolescents. Methods: A case-control study using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 687 participants were studied at a tertiary hospital via the Brazilian Unified Health System. Ages ranged from 5 to 15 years, and 54.7% of the participants were male. Nearly half of the individuals (49.1%) lived in the metropolitan area of the city of Recife, and the remainder lived in the countryside. Most (98.1%) lived in concrete houses or apartments, with a mean of 5.7 rooms and 4.8 occupants per residence. Mean maternal level of education was 6.8 years of schooling. The median monthly per capita income was R$ 103.75 (Brazilian reals). The sample was stratified according to cut-off points related to the national minimum wage (R$ 350.00): <25% of minimum wage = very low income (39% of the sample); <50% of minimum wage = low income (37.3% of the sample); and ≥50% of minimum wage = satisfactory income (23.7% of the sample). There was no association between poverty and development of asthma. Conclusions: Poverty is not protective against asthma in children and adolescents treated via the Brazilian Unified Health System, as we might suppose based on the hygiene hypothesis. However, cohort studies are needed in order to confirm these findings.

Keywords: Asthma; Poverty; National health programs/Brazil; Child; Adolescent; Case-control studies.

Objective: To describe our experience with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for anatomic pulmonary resection at a referral center for thoracic surgery in Brazil. Methods: All patients who underwent anatomic pulmonary resection by VATS between 2010 and 2015 were included. Clinical and pathological data, as well as postoperative complications, were analyzed. Results: A total of 117 pulmonary resections by VATS were performed, of which 98 were lobectomies and 19 were anatomic segmentectomies. The mean age of the patients was 63.6 years (range, 15-86 years). Females predominated (n = 69; 59%). The mean time to chest tube removal was 2.47 days, and the mean length of ICU stay was 1.88 days. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.48 days. Bleeding ≥ 400 mL occurred in 15 patients. Conversion to thoracotomy was required in 4 patients. Conclusions: Our results are similar to those published in major international studies, indicating that VATS is an important strategy for pulmonary resection. They also show that VATS can be safely performed with adequate training. This technique should be used more often for the treatment of lung diseases in Brazil.

Keywords: Lung neoplasms/therapy; Lung neoplasms/complications; Thoracic surgery, video-assisted.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the outcomes and explore predictors of intubation and mortality in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 treated with CPAP delivered via a helmet interface and light sedation. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients with COVID-19-related ARDS who received CPAP using a helmet developed in Brazil (ELMOT), associated with a light sedation protocol in a pulmonology ward. Demographic, clinical, imaging, and laboratory data, as well as the duration and response to the ELMO-CPAP sessions, were analyzed. Results: The sample comprised 180 patients. The intubation avoidance rate was 72.8%. The lack of necessity for intubation was positively correlated with younger age, > 24-h continuous HELMET-CPAP use in the first session, < 75% pulmonary involvement on CT, and ROX index > 4.88 in the second hour. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 18.9%, whereas those in the nonintubated and intubated groups were 3.0% and 61.2%, respectively. Advanced age increased the mortality risk by 2.8 times, escalating to 13 times post-intubation. Conclusions: ELMO-CPAP with light sedation in a pulmonology ward was successful in > 70% of patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19. Younger age, pulmonary involvement, ROX index, and prolonged first Helmet-CPAP session duration were associated with no need for intubation. Older age and intubation are associated with mortality.

Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19; Continuous positive airway pressure; helmets ; Dexmedetomidine.

Background: Short-acting b2 agonists delivered by metered-dose inhaler (MDIs) are the drugs usually used for the reversal of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. The b2 agonists that are delivered by dry-powder inhaler (DPI) can be an efficacious option. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and speed of action of salbutamol delivered by DPI (Pulvinal; Butoventâ), in comparison to salbutamol delivered by MDI, in reversing methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. Method: Sixty successive methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction patients who presented a decrease of at least 20% in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were evaluated prospectively. Of these 60 patients, we randomized 30 (first group) to receive 200 mcg of salbutamol by MDI and 30 (second group) to receive 200 mcg of salbutamol by DPI (Pulvinal). Both drugs were administered with the objective of reversing bronchoconstriction during the final phase of a bronchoprovocation test. The FEV1 values obtained at 1 and 5 minutes after bronchodilator administration were evaluated. Results: The groups were comparable in gender distribution, age, weight, dose level provoking a 20% drop in FEV1 (first group: 1.3 mg; second group: 1.19 mg; p = 0.79) and post-methacholine FEV1 (first group: 2.03 l; second group: 1.99 l; p = 0.87), with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In the first group (MDI), the mean increase in FEV1 was 16.2% (at 1 minute) and 22.2% (at 5 minutes), and in the second group (DPI) it was 17% (at 1 minute) and 23.6% (at 5 minutes). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.8). Conclusion: The b2-agonists delivered by DPI (Pulvinal) present the same bronchodilator efficacy and speed of action as do those delivered by the more traditional MDI method.

Keywords: Asthma. Bronchodilator agents/administration & dosage. Albuterol/administration & dosage. Methacholine chloride/administration & dosage. Respiratory therapy/methods. Administration, inhalation/methods. Prospective studies.

Objetivo: Realizar a tradução para a língua portuguesa e a adaptação cultural para uso no Brasil do Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QOC) para pacientes com DPOC em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Após a aprovação do autor do questionário e do comitê de ética da instituição, a versão original do QOC com 13 itens foi traduzida, de forma independente, por dois tradutores brasileiros com fluência na língua inglesa. Uma síntese das duas traduções foi realizada por uma médica bilíngue e os dois tradutores, que chegaram a um consenso, gerando uma versão na língua portuguesa. Essa versão foi retraduzida por dois tradutores nativos de países de língua inglesa com fluência na língua portuguesa. Para resolver quaisquer discrepâncias, um comitê de especialistas comparou a versão original com todas as versões produzidas e, assim, obteve-se a versão pré-final do QOC. O pré-teste foi aplicado em 32 pacientes internados em UTIs de três hospitais públicos da grande Florianópolis (SC) para avaliar a clareza e a aceitabilidade cultural da versão pré-final do QOC. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 48,5 ± 18,8 anos. A maioria dos itens foi bem compreendida e aceita, recebendo pontuações ≥ 8. Um item, sobre morte, suscitou dificuldades na compreensão dos participantes do pré-teste. Ao submeter a retradução ao autor do QOC, ele solicitou alterações em dois itens, que foram acatadas. Após essas alterações, a versão final foi aprovada. Conclusões: A tradução e a adaptação cultural do QOC para uso no Brasil foi concluída com sucesso.

Keywords: Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; Inquéritos e questionários; Comunicação; Unidades de terapia intensiva.

Objective: To compare the bronchodilatory effect of salbutamol delivered by metered-dose inhaler connected to spacers with and without previous antistatic treatment. Design: Prospective, randomized, open, crossover study. Setting: Outpatients from The Pulmonary Clinic of Hospital Júlia Kubitschek-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Patients and methods: Eleven patients, with stable mild to moderate asthma were randomized to four inhalation tests of 100 mg of salbutamol: (A) open mouth, (B) non antistatic small volume spacer (50 ml), (C) antistatic small volume spacer (50 ml) and (D) antistatic Fisonair® (750 ml). The antistatic treatment consisted in soaking the spacer in a solution of water and detergent for ten minutes and letting it to drip dry without rinsing. Main outcome measure: The peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation 15 minutes after each test in absolute, % of predicted and % of baseline values. Results: The median (Min-Max) PEF absolute variation was 25 (5-85), 40 (0-70), 70 (25-83) and 60 (15-90) l/min for tests A, B, C and D, respectively. The median PEF % baseline variation was 7.6, 11.0, 15.0, 13.3, and median PFE % predicted variation was 6.0, 8.7, 12.7 and 10.7 for tests A, B, C and D, respectively. The results of tests C and D were significantly superior to those of tests A and B (p < 0.01) based on the three methods evaluated. There was no significant difference between the results of tests C and D. Conclusion: The antistatic treatment of a small volume spacer device using a solution of water and detergent can improve the antiasthmatic effect of inhaled drugs delivered by metered-dose inhaler, as occurred with the salbutamol in this study. This fact can be more relevant concerning the treatment with inhaled steroids for asthma.

Keywords: Asthma. Respiratory therapy. Aerosols. Albuterol.