Non-compliance of tuberculosis treatment has social and epidemiological implications. Purpose: To compare characteristics of patients that were compliant (control group) and non-compliant with the treatment at the Health Care Center at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1995 and 1997, and to verify if patients who had joined in educational classes on tuberculosis had enhanced chances to a positive outcome after expiration of the six months of treatment. Method: The authors conducted a retrospective and controlled study with 100 patients (38 non-compliant and 62 compliant) registered for tuberculosis treatment in order to verify the variables related to non-compliance. Sixty patients (16 non-compliant and 44 compliant) had educational classes. Results: The risk factors most related to non-compliance were: male sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, risk factors for HIV, and previous hospitalization. Patients who had attended educational classes had the same characteristics as all patients, but they had lower frequency of non-compliance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The authors conclude that, if they had adequate access to means of diagnosis and follow-up for the treatment of tuberculosis, all extra efforts should be concentrated on avoiding non-compliance, mainly in patients with risk factors, as mentioned above. The patients at risk of non-compliance should have educational classes about their disease.

Keywords: Prevalence. Diagnosis-related groups.