Background: Massive hemoptysis is a high morbidity and high mortality condition, independently of the treatment administered. A variety of methods are used to control the acute bleeding. The instillation of iced saline solution through a rigid bronchoscope was described in 1980. Objective: To establish the efficacy of repeated instillations of iced saline solution (4oC) using a rigid bronchoscope for the acute control of massive hemoptysis. Method: A group of 94 patients with massive hemoptysis was treated with rigid bronchoscopy and lavage with iced saline solution of the actively bleeding lung. The absence of bleeding recurrence within the following 15 days was considered a therapeutic success. The causes of hemoptysis included: pulmonary tuberculosis: 78 (83%), among which 48 had active disease, and 30 had tuberculosis sequelae, bronchiectasis (6), lung cancer (5), intracavitary aspergilloma (3), and unknown (2). The bleeding site was found in 93 patients (99%). The mean saline volume used in the bronchoscopy was 528 mL, ranging from 160 mL to 2,500 mL. Results: All patients stopped bleeding during the procedure. Fifteen patients were submitted to some kind of procedure (surgery, embolization, or radiation therapy) within 15 days, and the efficacy of lavage could not be assessed. Twenty of the 79 patients followed-up for more than 15 days had recurrence of hemoptysis. Cold saline lavage was repeated once in 13 patients, twice in 6 patients, and 3 times in one patient. Conclusion: The control of tracheobronchial hemorrhage through bronchoscopy and lavage with iced saline is an effective procedure and can be repeated in case of re-bleeding. It is a safe procedure, and allows the definitive treatment to occur in better clinical conditions.

Keywords: Hemoptysis. Tuberculosis. Bronchoscopy.

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological aspects of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and the survival in a sample of patients at clinical stage I. Methods: A retrospective study involving 26 patients diagnosed with clinical stage I BAC and undergoing surgery at the Thoracic Diseases Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1987 and 2007. We analyzed clinicopathological and radiological aspects, as well as mortality and survival. The data, which were collected from the medical charts of the patients, were statistically analyzed. Results: Females predominated (n = 16). The mean age at diagnosis was 68.5 years. Most patients were active smokers (69.2%). The most common forms of presentation of BAC were the asymptomatic form (84.6%) and the nodular form (88.5%). Involvement of the upper lobes predominated (57.7%). Stage IB was the most common pathological stage, followed by stages IA and IIB (46.2%, 38.4% and 15.4%, respectively). There was no in-hospital mortality. Four patients died during the postoperative follow-up, with a mean disease-free survival time of 21.3 months. The overall five-year survival rate was 83%. The probability of survival for the patients diagnosed after 1999 showed a trend toward an increase when compared with that for those diagnosed up through 1999 (three-year survival rate: 92% vs. 68%; p = 0.07). Conclusions: The clinicopathological aspects of this study sample were similar to those of patients with BAC evaluated in previous studies.

Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, bronchiolo-alveolar; Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Lung; Smoking.

Video-assisted thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique. It is the procedure of choice for the treatment of certain lung and pleural diseases. It has been increasingly used in the acute phase of thoracic trauma. Another indication for its use, which is rarely described in the literature, is for the removal of retained intrathoracic foreign bodies. We report the cases of two hemodynamically stable gunshot victims in whom the bullet was removed from the pleural cavity through video-assisted thoracoscopy, thereby avoiding the need for thoracotomy.

Keywords: Thoracic injuries; Wounds, penetrating; Thoracic surgery, video-assisted; Foreign bodies.