The authors report a case of recurrent pneumothorax secondary to agenesis of the diaphragm in a 36-year old female. The diagnosis was established by means of clinical history and chest X-ray examination. Surgical correction was carried out. Diaphragmatic agenesis was detected during the procedure and pleural abrasion was performed. Two months following surgery another pneumothorax episode occurred. Fallopian tube ligature was then performed in order to prevent the entrance of air into the abdomen during ovulation, and thus avoid further recurrences of pneumothorax.

Keywords: Diaphragm. Agenesis. Pneumothorax. Recurrence.