Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common infection in intensive care units (ICUs), and oral antiseptic is used as a preventive
measure. We reviewed meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials indexed in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System and
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases regarding the topical use of chlorhexidine in the prevention of VAP.
Eight publications were analyzed. In seven (87.5%) chlorhexidine diminished the colonization of the oropharynx, and in four (50%) there
was a reduction of VAP. Chlorhexidine seems to reduce colonization, thus reducing the incidence of VAP.
Keywords: Pneumonia, ventilator-associated; Oral hygiene; Chlorhexidine.