Objectives: To identify the degree of risk and the practice of prophylaxis to venous thromboembolism (VTE) in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The subjects were patients admitted to the ICU between December 1997 and February 1998. Patients were excluded if they were in anticoagulant therapy or presented contra-indication to heparin. Determination of risk factors and classification of the degree of risk for VTE were done according to international consensus. The ICU medical staff did not know about the study. Results: The authors evaluated one hundred and eighty patients with a mean age of 58 years (±16.5). Risk factors more frequently found were: age ³ 40 years (85.0%), surgery (47.8%), thoracic or abdominal infection (22.8%). Two or more risk factors were present in 146 (81%) cases. In the evaluation of VTE risk, 142 (79%) patients were classified as moderate/high risk. Prophylactic measures were prescribed to 102 patients (57%), and heparin was used in 60% of moderate/high risk cases. There was a significant association between risk level and the number of risk factors with the use of prophylaxis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: VTE risk factors were frequent in the sample analyzed. However, 40% of patients considered moderate/high risk did not receive pharmacological prophylaxis for VTE.

Keywords: thromboembolism, prevention & control