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A case-control study about indicators of non-compliance in patients with tuberculosis

Estudo caso-controle de indicadores de abandono em doentes com tuberculose

Sandra A. Ribeiro, Verônica M. Amado, Aquiles A. Camelier, Márcia M.A. Fernandes, Simone Schenkman

ABSTRACT

Non-compliance of tuberculosis treatment has social and epidemiological implications. Purpose: To compare characteristics of patients that were compliant (control group) and non-compliant with the treatment at the Health Care Center at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1995 and 1997, and to verify if patients who had joined in educational classes on tuberculosis had enhanced chances to a positive outcome after expiration of the six months of treatment. Method: The authors conducted a retrospective and controlled study with 100 patients (38 non-compliant and 62 compliant) registered for tuberculosis treatment in order to verify the variables related to non-compliance. Sixty patients (16 non-compliant and 44 compliant) had educational classes. Results: The risk factors most related to non-compliance were: male sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, risk factors for HIV, and previous hospitalization. Patients who had attended educational classes had the same characteristics as all patients, but they had lower frequency of non-compliance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The authors conclude that, if they had adequate access to means of diagnosis and follow-up for the treatment of tuberculosis, all extra efforts should be concentrated on avoiding non-compliance, mainly in patients with risk factors, as mentioned above. The patients at risk of non-compliance should have educational classes about their disease.

Keywords: Prevalence. Diagnosis-related groups.

RESUMO

O abandono do tratamento da tuberculose tem implicações sociais e epidemiológicas. Objetivos: Comparar características de pacientes que abandonaram o tratamento com os que não o abandonaram (controle), matriculados no CS-EPM/Unifesp, no período de 1995 a 1997, e verificar se os grupos educativos de sala de espera diminuíram a ocorrência dos abandonos. Método: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo controlado com 100 pacientes (38 abandonos pareados para 62 controles) matriculados para tratamento de tuberculose, em que se verificaram as variáveis mais relacionadas ao abandono. Destes, 60 pacientes participaram voluntariamente de grupos educativos (16 abandonos e 44 controles). Resultados: As variáveis mais relacionadas ao abandono foram: sexo masculino, tabagismo, alcoolismo, uso de drogas, presença de fatores de risco para HIV e internação prévia. Os que participaram voluntariamente dos grupos educativos de sala de espera tinham características semelhantes ao total de pacientes estudados, mas houve menor ocorrência de abandono durante o tratamento (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os autores concluem que, tendo-se amplamente disponíveis os meios para diagnóstico e seguimento dos pacientes com tuberculose, todos os esforços possíveis deverão estar concentrados para evitar o abandono, sobretudo nos pacientes de risco, que deverão ter à sua disposição grupos educativos sobre a doença.

Palavras-chave: Prevalência. Grupos diagnósticos homogêneos.


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